The University of Hawaii has officially commenced initial science operations for its groundbreaking robotic laser adaptive optics system, known as Robo-AO-2. This significant development at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy (IfA) promises to enhance astronomical observations by correcting the distortions caused by Earth’s atmosphere. The system, which requires minimal human oversight, will enable astronomers to capture sharper images of hundreds of celestial objects every night.
Led by astronomer Christoph Baranec, Robo-AO-2 represents a culmination of years of engineering efforts and innovation in the field of adaptive optics technology. Baranec stated, “Making Robo-AO-2 operational represents years of dedicated engineering and innovation. This system demonstrates how University of Hawaii facilities continue to pioneer technologies that eventually make their way to the world’s largest telescopes and space missions.”
Upcoming Celestial Events in December
December is an exciting month for stargazers in Hawaii, highlighted by the highly anticipated Geminids meteor shower, which is considered one of the best meteor showers of the year. The shower is expected to peak during the night of December 13 and into the early hours of December 14, offering a spectacular display where observers can witness up to 120 meteors per hour. Unlike most meteor showers that originate from comets, the Geminids come from the asteroid 3200 Phaethon, making them particularly unique.
The meteors will appear to radiate from the constellation Gemini, and the best viewing conditions will be after midnight in areas free from light pollution. Additionally, December 21 marks the winter solstice, the shortest day and longest night in the Northern Hemisphere, signaling the gradual return of longer days.
Star Families and Night Sky Wonders
As the nights lengthen in December, two prominent Hawaiian star families will grace the evening sky: Kalupeakawelo and Makali‘i. Kalupeakawelo, or the Kite of Kawelo, will be prominently visible early in the evening. This star line is part of the four great navigational star lines of the Polynesian Voyaging Society and is marked by the Great Square of Pegasus, symbolizing the kite soaring overhead.
According to legend, Kawelo, a chief from Kauai, showcased his remarkable skills during a kite-flying contest, captivating onlookers. Kalupeakawelo serves as a reminder of Kawelo’s ingenuity and the rich ancestral knowledge embodied in these stars. Meanwhile, the Makali‘i star cluster (Pleiades), a brilliant formation of blue stars, is deeply rooted in Hawaiian culture. It signifies the beginning of the Makahiki season, a time for peace, rest, and harvest.
Observers can catch a glimpse of Makali‘i sparkling near the eastern horizon just after sunset, climbing steadily through the night. As Kalupeakawelo dominates the zenith in early evening, Makali‘i rises, connecting modern stargazers with the navigational brilliance of Hawaii’s ancestors.
Adding to the celestial spectacle, both Saturn and Jupiter will be prominently visible in the southern sky. Saturn’s iconic rings can be observed through a telescope, while Jupiter, being the brighter and closer of the two gas giants, is easily spotted with the naked eye. Stargazers equipped with binoculars can also view Jupiter’s four largest moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, first observed by Galileo Galilei in 1610.
In the early hours before dawn, Hawaii’s early risers can admire the full grandeur of the constellation Ka‘iwikuamo‘o. This constellation, significant for its role in celestial navigation from the southern islands to Hawaii, will rise in the southeast about an hour before sunrise.
The ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center of Hawaii serves as a vital resource for informal science education, showcasing the connection between astronomy and Hawaiian culture as intertwined journeys of exploration. As December unfolds, the combination of innovative technology and rich celestial heritage offers an exceptional experience for both amateur and seasoned astronomers alike.
