Research at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio is delving into the dual role of enzymes known as APOBECs in the fight against cancer. These enzymes, which are part of the immune system, typically help protect the body from viral infections. However, as noted by Reuben S. Harris, PhD, chair of the Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, their function can become detrimental in cancer cases.
APOBECs, or apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptides, are DNA mutating enzymes that can inadvertently cause damage to the genome. “In many instances in cancer, these enzymes become dysregulated,” Harris explained. “Instead of destroying viruses, they end up harming our own genetic material.”
Potential for Improved Cancer Treatment
Harris’s research emphasizes the importance of managing APOBEC activity during cancer treatment. Surgical resection, a common standard of care for tumor removal, presents a critical opportunity. “When an APOBEC-positive tumor is removed, if we could shut off these enzymes, we could potentially reduce the risk of cancer recurrence or drug resistance,” he said.
The idea is to halt the harmful effects of APOBECs at a pivotal moment in treatment. By targeting these enzymes post-surgery, researchers believe they can lessen the likelihood of adverse outcomes associated with cancer progression. “If we can stop that, we can make all of these adverse events much less likely to happen,” Harris noted enthusiastically.
Collaboration and Scientific Discovery
This research is part of a broader collaboration between Texas Public Radio and the University of Texas Health Science Center, aimed at exploring how scientific advancements in San Antonio can transform medical practices globally. The findings from this research could lead to new strategies in oncology, enhancing treatment efficacy and patient outcomes.
As the field of cancer research evolves, the potential for utilizing APOBECs to improve therapeutic approaches offers a promising avenue for future studies. Researchers like Harris remain committed to uncovering the complexities of these enzymes, hoping to turn what were once seen as threats into allies in the battle against cancer.
